C++ header-only API: C++ iterators over Unicode strings (=UTF-8/16/32 if well-formed). More...

#include "unicode/utypes.h"
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <type_traits>
#include "unicode/utf16.h"
#include "unicode/utf8.h"
#include "unicode/uversion.h"

Data Structures
struct	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range_type< Range, typename >

struct	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range_type< Range, std::void_t< decltype(std::declval< Range >().begin()), decltype(std::declval< Range >().end())> >

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::CodePointsIterator< CP32, skipSurrogates >

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::AllCodePoints< CP32 >
	A C++ "range" over all Unicode code points U+0000..U+10FFFF. More...

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::AllScalarValues< CP32 >
	A C++ "range" over all Unicode scalar values U+0000..U+D7FF & U+E000..U+10FFFF. More...

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UnsafeCodeUnits< CP32, UnitIter, typename >
	Result of decoding a code unit sequence for one code point. More...

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::CodeUnits< CP32, UnitIter, typename >
	Result of validating and decoding a code unit sequence for one code point. More...

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UTFIterator< CP32, behavior, UnitIter, LimitIter, typename >
	Validating iterator over the code points in a Unicode string. More...

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UTFStringCodePoints< CP32, behavior, Range >
	A C++ "range" for validating iteration over all of the code points of a code unit range. More...

struct	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UTFStringCodePointsAdaptor< CP32, behavior >

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UnsafeUTFIterator< CP32, UnitIter, typename >
	Non-validating iterator over the code points in a Unicode string. More...

class	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UnsafeUTFStringCodePoints< CP32, Range >
	A C++ "range" for non-validating iteration over all of the code points of a code unit range. More...

struct	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UnsafeUTFStringCodePointsAdaptor< CP32 >

Typedefs
typedef enum UTFIllFormedBehavior	UTFIllFormedBehavior
	Some defined behaviors for handling ill-formed Unicode strings. More...

template<typename Iter >
using	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::iter_value_t = typename std::iterator_traits< Iter >::value_type

template<typename Iter >
using	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::iter_difference_t = typename std::iterator_traits< Iter >::difference_type

Enumerations
enum	UTFIllFormedBehavior { UTF_BEHAVIOR_NEGATIVE , UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD , UTF_BEHAVIOR_SURROGATE }
	Some defined behaviors for handling ill-formed Unicode strings. More...

Functions
template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter , typename LimitIter = UnitIter>
auto	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator (UnitIter start, UnitIter p, LimitIter limit)
	UTFIterator factory function for start <= p < limit. More...

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter , typename LimitIter = UnitIter>
auto	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator (UnitIter p, LimitIter limit)
	UTFIterator factory function for start = p < limit. More...

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter >
auto	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator (UnitIter p)
	UTFIterator factory function for a start or limit sentinel. More...

template<typename CP32 , typename UnitIter >
auto	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFIterator (UnitIter iter)
	UnsafeUTFIterator factory function. More...

Variables
template<typename Iter >
constexpr bool	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::forward_iterator

template<typename Iter >
constexpr bool	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::bidirectional_iterator

template<typename Range >
constexpr bool	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range = range_type<Range>::value

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior>
constexpr UTFStringCodePointsAdaptor< CP32, behavior >	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfStringCodePoints
	Range adaptor function object returning a UTFStringCodePoints object that represents a "range" of code points in a code unit range, which validates while decoding. More...

template<typename CP32 >
constexpr UnsafeUTFStringCodePointsAdaptor< CP32 >	U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFStringCodePoints
	Range adaptor function object returning an UnsafeUTFStringCodePoints object that represents a "range" of code points in a code unit range. More...

Detailed Description

C++ header-only API: C++ iterators over Unicode strings (=UTF-8/16/32 if well-formed).

Sample code:

#include <string_view>
#include <iostream>
#include "unicode/utypes.h"
#include "unicode/utfiterator.h"
 
using icu::header::utfIterator;
using icu::header::utfStringCodePoints;
using icu::header::unsafeUTFIterator;
using icu::header::unsafeUTFStringCodePoints;
 
int32_t rangeLoop16(std::u16string_view s) {
    // We are just adding up the code points for minimal-code demonstration purposes.
    int32_t sum = 0;
    for (auto units : utfStringCodePoints<UChar32, UTF_BEHAVIOR_NEGATIVE>(s)) {
        sum += units.codePoint();  // < 0 if ill-formed
    }
    return sum;
}
 
int32_t loopIterPlusPlus16(std::u16string_view s) {
    auto range = utfStringCodePoints<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(s);
    int32_t sum = 0;
    for (auto iter = range.begin(), limit = range.end(); iter != limit;) {
        sum += (*iter++).codePoint();  // U+FFFD if ill-formed
    }
    return sum;
}
 
int32_t backwardLoop16(std::u16string_view s) {
    auto range = utfStringCodePoints<UChar32, UTF_BEHAVIOR_SURROGATE>(s);
    int32_t sum = 0;
    for (auto start = range.begin(), iter = range.end(); start != iter;) {
        sum += (*--iter).codePoint();  // surrogate code point if unpaired / ill-formed
    }
    return sum;
}
 
int32_t reverseLoop8(std::string_view s) {
    auto range = utfStringCodePoints<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(s);
    int32_t sum = 0;
    for (auto iter = range.rbegin(), limit = range.rend(); iter != limit; ++iter) {
        sum += iter->codePoint();  // U+FFFD if ill-formed
    }
    return sum;
}
 
int32_t countCodePoints16(std::u16string_view s) {
    auto range = utfStringCodePoints<UChar32, UTF_BEHAVIOR_SURROGATE>(s);
    return std::distance(range.begin(), range.end());
}
 
int32_t unsafeRangeLoop16(std::u16string_view s) {
    int32_t sum = 0;
    for (auto units : unsafeUTFStringCodePoints<UChar32>(s)) {
        sum += units.codePoint();
    }
    return sum;
}
 
int32_t unsafeReverseLoop8(std::string_view s) {
    auto range = unsafeUTFStringCodePoints<UChar32>(s);
    int32_t sum = 0;
    for (auto iter = range.rbegin(), limit = range.rend(); iter != limit; ++iter) {
        sum += iter->codePoint();
    }
    return sum;
}
 
char32_t firstCodePointOrFFFD16(std::u16string_view s) {
    if (s.empty()) { return 0xfffd; }
    auto range = utfStringCodePoints<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(s);
    return range.begin()->codePoint();
}
 
std::string_view firstSequence8(std::string_view s) {
    if (s.empty()) { return {}; }
    auto range = utfStringCodePoints<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(s);
    auto units = *(range.begin());
    if (units.wellFormed()) {
        return units.stringView();
    } else {
        return {};
    }
}
 
template<typename InputStream>  // some istream or streambuf
std::u32string cpFromInput(InputStream &in) {
    // This is a single-pass input_iterator.
    std::istreambuf_iterator bufIter(in);
    std::istreambuf_iterator<typename InputStream::char_type> bufLimit;
    auto iter = utfIterator<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(bufIter);
    auto limit = utfIterator<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(bufLimit);
    std::u32string s32;
    for (; iter != limit; ++iter) {
        s32.push_back(iter->codePoint());
    }
    return s32;
}
 
std::u32string cpFromStdin() { return cpFromInput(std::cin); }
std::u32string cpFromWideStdin() { return cpFromInput(std::wcin); }

Definition in file utfiterator.h.

Typedef Documentation

◆ iter_difference_t

template<typename Iter >

using U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::iter_difference_t = typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::difference_type

Internal:: Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 203 of file utfiterator.h.

◆ iter_value_t

template<typename Iter >

using U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::iter_value_t = typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type

Internal:: Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 199 of file utfiterator.h.

◆ UTFIllFormedBehavior

typedef enum UTFIllFormedBehavior UTFIllFormedBehavior

Some defined behaviors for handling ill-formed Unicode strings.

This is a template parameter for UTFIterator and related classes.

When a validating UTFIterator encounters an ill-formed code unit sequence, then CodeUnits.codePoint() is a value according to this parameter.

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

See also: CodeUnits; UTFIterator; UTFStringCodePoints

Enumeration Type Documentation

◆ UTFIllFormedBehavior

enum UTFIllFormedBehavior

Some defined behaviors for handling ill-formed Unicode strings.

This is a template parameter for UTFIterator and related classes.

When a validating UTFIterator encounters an ill-formed code unit sequence, then CodeUnits.codePoint() is a value according to this parameter.

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

See also: CodeUnits; UTFIterator; UTFStringCodePoints

Enumerator

UTF_BEHAVIOR_NEGATIVE

Returns a negative value (-1=U_SENTINEL) instead of a code point.

If the CP32 template parameter for the relevant classes is an unsigned type, then the negative value becomes 0xffffffff=UINT32_MAX.

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD

Returns U+FFFD Replacement Character.

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

UTF_BEHAVIOR_SURROGATE

UTF-8: Not allowed; UTF-16: returns the unpaired surrogate; UTF-32: returns the surrogate code point, or U+FFFD if out of range.

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 149 of file utfiterator.h.

Function Documentation

◆ unsafeUTFIterator()

template<typename CP32 , typename UnitIter >

auto U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFIterator ( UnitIter iter )

UnsafeUTFIterator factory function.

Deduces the UnitIter template parameter from the input.

Template Parameters

CP32	Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
UnitIter	Can usually be omitted/deduced: An iterator (often a pointer) that returns a code unit type: UTF-8: char or char8_t or uint8_t; UTF-16: char16_t or uint16_t or (on Windows) wchar_t; UTF-32: char32_t or UChar32=int32_t or (on Linux) wchar_t

Parameters

iter	code unit iterator

Returns: an UnsafeUTFIterator<CP32, UnitIter> for the given code unit iterator or character pointer

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 2454 of file utfiterator.h.

References U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFIterator().

Referenced by U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFIterator().

◆ utfIterator() [1/3]

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter >

auto U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator ( UnitIter p )

UTFIterator factory function for a start or limit sentinel.

Deduces the UnitIter template parameter from the input. Requires UnitIter to be copyable.

Template Parameters

CP32	Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
behavior	How to handle ill-formed Unicode strings
UnitIter	Can usually be omitted/deduced: An iterator (often a pointer) that returns a code unit type: UTF-8: char or char8_t or uint8_t; UTF-16: char16_t or uint16_t or (on Windows) wchar_t; UTF-32: char32_t or UChar32=int32_t or (on Linux) wchar_t

Parameters

p	code unit iterator. When using a code unit sentinel, then that sentinel also works as a sentinel for the code point iterator.

Returns: a UTFIterator<CP32, behavior, UnitIter> for the given code unit iterator or character pointer

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 1735 of file utfiterator.h.

References U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator().

◆ utfIterator() [2/3]

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter , typename LimitIter = UnitIter>

auto U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator	(	UnitIter	p,
		LimitIter	limit
	)

UTFIterator factory function for start = p < limit.

Deduces the UnitIter and LimitIter template parameters from the inputs.

Template Parameters

CP32	Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
behavior	How to handle ill-formed Unicode strings
UnitIter	Can usually be omitted/deduced: An iterator (often a pointer) that returns a code unit type: UTF-8: char or char8_t or uint8_t; UTF-16: char16_t or uint16_t or (on Windows) wchar_t; UTF-32: char32_t or UChar32=int32_t or (on Linux) wchar_t
LimitIter	Either the same as UnitIter, or an iterator sentinel type.

Parameters

p	start and current-position code unit iterator
limit	limit (exclusive-end) code unit iterator. When using a code unit sentinel (UnitIter≠LimitIter), then that sentinel also works as a sentinel for the code point iterator.

Returns: a UTFIterator<CP32, behavior, UnitIter> for the given code unit iterators or character pointers

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 1705 of file utfiterator.h.

References U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator().

◆ utfIterator() [3/3]

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter , typename LimitIter = UnitIter>

auto U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator	(	UnitIter	start,
		UnitIter	p,
		LimitIter	limit
	)

UTFIterator factory function for start <= p < limit.

Deduces the UnitIter and LimitIter template parameters from the inputs. Only enabled if UnitIter is a (multi-pass) forward_iterator or better.

Template Parameters

CP32	Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
behavior	How to handle ill-formed Unicode strings
UnitIter	Can usually be omitted/deduced: An iterator (often a pointer) that returns a code unit type: UTF-8: char or char8_t or uint8_t; UTF-16: char16_t or uint16_t or (on Windows) wchar_t; UTF-32: char32_t or UChar32=int32_t or (on Linux) wchar_t
LimitIter	Either the same as UnitIter, or an iterator sentinel type.

Parameters

start	start code unit iterator
p	current-position code unit iterator
limit	limit (exclusive-end) code unit iterator. When using a code unit sentinel (UnitIter≠LimitIter), then that sentinel also works as a sentinel for the code point iterator.

Returns: a UTFIterator<CP32, behavior, UnitIter> for the given code unit iterators or character pointers

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 1678 of file utfiterator.h.

References U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator().

Referenced by U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator().

Variable Documentation

◆ bidirectional_iterator

template<typename Iter >

constexpr bool U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::bidirectional_iterator

constexpr

Initial value:

=
    std::is_base_of_v<
        std::bidirectional_iterator_tag,
        typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::iterator_category>

Internal:: Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 214 of file utfiterator.h.

◆ forward_iterator

template<typename Iter >

constexpr bool U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::forward_iterator

constexpr

Initial value:

=
    std::is_base_of_v<
        std::forward_iterator_tag,
        typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::iterator_category>

Internal:: Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 207 of file utfiterator.h.

◆ range

template<typename Range >

constexpr bool U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range = range_type<Range>::value

constexpr

Internal:: Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 232 of file utfiterator.h.

◆ unsafeUTFStringCodePoints

template<typename CP32 >

constexpr UnsafeUTFStringCodePointsAdaptor<CP32> U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFStringCodePoints

constexpr

Range adaptor function object returning an UnsafeUTFStringCodePoints object that represents a "range" of code points in a code unit range.

The string must be well-formed. Deduces the Range template parameter from the input, taking into account the value category: the code units will be referenced if possible, and moved if necessary.

Template Parameters

CP32	Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
Range	A C++ "range" of Unicode UTF-8/16/32 code units

Parameters

unitRange input range

Returns: an UnsafeUTFStringCodePoints<CP32, Range> for the given unitRange

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 2604 of file utfiterator.h.

◆ utfStringCodePoints

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior>

constexpr UTFStringCodePointsAdaptor<CP32, behavior> U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfStringCodePoints

constexpr

Range adaptor function object returning a UTFStringCodePoints object that represents a "range" of code points in a code unit range, which validates while decoding.

Deduces the Range template parameter from the input, taking into account the value category: the code units will be referenced if possible, and moved if necessary.

Template Parameters

CP32	Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t; should be signed if UTF_BEHAVIOR_NEGATIVE
behavior	How to handle ill-formed Unicode strings
Range	A C++ "range" of Unicode UTF-8/16/32 code units

Parameters

unitRange input range

Returns: a UTFStringCodePoints<CP32, behavior, Range> for the given unitRange

Draft:: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 1894 of file utfiterator.h.

Data Structures

Typedefs

Enumerations

Functions

Variables

Detailed Description

Typedef Documentation

◆ iter_difference_t

◆ iter_value_t

◆ UTFIllFormedBehavior

Enumeration Type Documentation

◆ UTFIllFormedBehavior

Function Documentation

◆ unsafeUTFIterator()

◆ utfIterator() [1/3]

◆ utfIterator() [2/3]

◆ utfIterator() [3/3]

Variable Documentation

◆ bidirectional_iterator

◆ forward_iterator

◆ range

◆ unsafeUTFStringCodePoints

◆ utfStringCodePoints